Optimal blood test ranges: the normal range next to the line stated on video

Optimal blood test ranges are where a named doctor or scientist, on video, says a result should sit. Most sit inside the normal range your lab prints. Each one below comes with the quote that states its number.

Published 20 October 2026

The short answer

A normal range comes from the test results of large groups of healthy people (MedlinePlus). An optimal range is a line someone stated for where a result should sit, and it is often inside the normal one.

When sources disagree, the page shows every line. The tests that carry no stated number are listed below.

What is the optimal range for each blood test?

Each row puts the range most labs print next to the optimal line in the quote. Tap See sources for the quote, who said it, and the moment in the video.

TestLab range and optimal
ALT LAB · up to 55 U/LOPTIMAL · under 30 U/L
See sources

“now the general rule of thumb is that you would like to see an A and ALT both below about 30 IU per liter”

ApoB LAB · up to 100 mg/dLOPTIMAL · under 60 mg/dLNot every source agrees with that line.
See sources

“by the time you're in your late 30s or early 40s if you have any measure of apo b that's even north of the 20th percentile that should be completely lowered, so in some ways i would view an apob ceiling of 60 as the limit”

Not every source agrees with that line.

“the level you should have is under 90 but ideally probably under 70 and if you have cardiovascular disease may be under 50”

AST LAB · up to 40 U/LOPTIMAL · under 30 U/L
See sources

“now the general rule of thumb is that you would like to see an A and ALT both below about 30 IU per liter”

Fasting glucose LAB · 70–99 mg/dLOPTIMAL · 70–80 mg/dLSources disagree on optimal
See sources

“So, for fasting glucose, ideally, you're looking at 70 to 80. It doesn't mean if you're 81 that it's something you don't have to panic about it. It's going to fluctuate.”

Not every source agrees with that line.

“your fasting blood sugar should be between 70 to 90”

“I generally like to see the fasting glucose below 90 milligrams per deciliter”

Fasting insulin LAB · 2–25 µIU/mLOPTIMAL · under 5 µIU/mLSources disagree on optimal
See sources

“yet the ideal insulin should be under five not 15”

“the insulin reference range they have is 18 as normal, and anything above that is abnormal and anything below is normal. It should be five or less.”

“So we'd like to know what your fasting insulin is, and optimally, it would be less than five”

Not every source agrees with that line.

“the fasting insulin below six.”

Ferritin LAB · women 15–150 · men 30–400 ng/mLOPTIMAL · 45–70 ng/mLThe low end and the high end come from two different people.Sources disagree on optimal
See sources

“if your your level's under 45 it's going to affect your health even though the reference range on the lab says 16 or above is normal 45 or above should be the normal range or the optimal range”

“Not the optimum level that you I might think is good like vitamin D over 45 or feritin iron store over 45”

“ferritin is the marker of iron stores in the body and we want that ferritin in general to be you know around 50 to 70 you don't want it to be too high because that's not good”

Not every source agrees with that line.

“If you were part of my high performance athletic crew, we want to see minimum 50, preferably 100. So, we have to supplement you to bring it up”

Free T3 LAB · 2.3–4.2 pg/mLOPTIMAL · above 3.0 pg/mL
See sources

“if someone's TSH is between about 0.5 and 2.0 and they're free t3 is above 3.0 and their reverse t3 is below 12 I find it very hard to see how they could have hypothyroidism”

GGT LAB · up to 55 U/LOPTIMAL · under 20 U/L
See sources

“so between a gtt between 15 and 20 means you've done a good job of getting rid of enough toxins that the body doesn't have to increase gtt”

HbA1c LAB · 4–5.7 %OPTIMAL · under 5.4 %Not every source agrees with that line.
See sources

“Well, there's nothing magical about getting your A1C below 7. The health threats begin at an A1C of 5.3 and 5.4.”

Not every source agrees with that line.

“six is sort of the cut off, five and a half is really optimal.”

HDL cholesterol LAB · women 50–100 · men 40–90 mg/dLOPTIMAL · above 60 mg/dLNot every source trusts this test.
See sources

“Your HDL should be over 60 ideally, over 50 if you can manage it.”

Not every source trusts this test.

“If HDLs are important to the cardiovascular system — and I maintain they are — the metric HDL cholesterol is useless.”

Homocysteine LAB · 5–15 µmol/LOPTIMAL · under 9 µmol/L
See sources

“I like seeing uric acid below 5, homocysteine below 9 — these are some of the metrics that I'm really looking at consistently.”

“I take these to keep homocysteine below nine.”

hs-CRP LAB · up to 3 mg/LOPTIMAL · under 1 mg/L
See sources

“I like to see c-reactive protein below 1, even though most labs consider anything below 2 reasonable.”

“I like seeing c-reactive protein below one, ideally below point five.”

IGF-1 LAB · 50–300 ng/mLOPTIMAL · 120–160 ng/mL
See sources

“showing a U-shaped relationship between igf-1 levels and mortality both very high and very low igf-1 were linked to higher death rates what was the optimal range it was actually around 120 to 160 nanog per milliliter”

Lipoprotein(a) LAB · up to 75 nmol/LOPTIMAL · under 50 nmol/L
See sources

“for that test we like to see people less than 50 nano mole per liter. when people are sort of fifty to a hundred I put them in kind of a gray area”

Magnesium LAB · 1.7–2.2 mg/dLOPTIMAL · above 2 mg/dLNot every source agrees with that line.
See sources

“normal quote normal serum magnesium levels are about 1.8 to 2.3 but I think anything under two is linked to increased health risks and Optimum level should be over two so if you're getting a serum magnesium it should be over two”

Not every source agrees with that line.

“so our body will just continually pull from our bones to prevent magnesium levels from going below 0.7 m per liter for this reason plasma magnesium is not a good indicator of magnesium status for most healthy adults”

Omega-3 Index TEST REPORT: INTERMEDIATE ZONE · 4–8 %OPTIMAL · 8–12 %
See sources

“we think and what we call the omega-3 index which is EPA plus DHA in red cell membranes our target is 8 to 12 percent just that's a range we think is the healthy range average American is around 5% maybe four or five percent”

Dr. Bill Harris, Ph.D. — co-creator of the Omega-3 Index (guest on Peter Attia's show) Watch at 1:23:04 →
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) LAB · up to 4 ng/mLOPTIMAL · under 2 ng/mLThese numbers are for men.
See sources

“you should be really low like it should be less than two nanograms per milliliter now the reference range goes up to four uh but individuals with levels below four can still have prostate cancer so it's important to to look at the progression of Rise”

“if your PSA is below two the probability you have a lethal prostate cancer is, you know, less than one in a million, so we don't have to worry about that individual”

Reverse T3 LAB · 8–25 ng/dLOPTIMAL · under 12 ng/dL
See sources

“if someone's TSH is between about 0.5 and 2.0 and they're free t3 is above 3.0 and their reverse t3 is below 12 I find it very hard to see how they could have hypothyroidism”

“if someone's TSH is between about 0.5 and 2.0 and they're free t3 is above 3.0 and their reverse t3 is below 12 I find it very hard to see how they could have hypothyroidism”

Total testosterone LAB · men 264–916 ng/dLOPTIMAL · above 500 ng/dLThese numbers are for men.
See sources

“now we typically say for a male you should have a testosterone level over 500 but probably it should be more like six seven eight even 900”

“So I I shoot for the normal range of 500 to a thousand.”

Triglycerides LAB · up to 150 mg/dLOPTIMAL · under 100 mg/dL
See sources

“to the lipids I generally take a harder line on triglycerides than is typically given, so the typical reference range on triglyceride is less than 150 milligrams per deciliter — apologize, I don't know what that is in millimolar for people who are outside of the United States — I generally like to see triglycerides below 100”

“they have normal triglycerides, which are being defined as less than 150. We argue in our practice that's very high, and anything over 100 is elevated.”

Dr. Sarah Hallberg, D.O. — medical director, Virta Health (guest on Peter Attia's show) Watch at 22:06 →
TSH LAB · 0.45–4.5 mIU/LOPTIMAL · 0.5–2.0 mIU/L
See sources

“if someone's TSH is between about 0.5 and 2.0 and they're free t3 is above 3.0 and their reverse t3 is below 12 I find it very hard to see how they could have hypothyroidism”

“you want to see your TSH kind of below 2 ish and that tells you that your brain is adequately seeing t4 converted into t3”

Uric acid LAB · women 2.4–6 · men 3.4–7 mg/dLOPTIMAL · under 5.0 mg/dL
See sources

“I like to see uric acid below 5.0 — again, most labs consider anything below 6 to be normal, some labs even consider anything below 7 to be normal.”

“I like seeing uric acid below 5, homocysteine below 9 — these are some of the metrics that I'm really looking at consistently.”

“it's non-negotiable, all my patients need a uric acid below 5, even though the assay says we will consider normal up to seven point zero.”

Vitamin D LAB · 30–100 ng/mLOPTIMAL · 40–60 ng/mLSources disagree on optimal
See sources

“Most people can take a supplement in the range of 2,000 to 4,000 IUs a day depending where your blood levels are at and keep keep their vitamin D levels within that, you know, 40 to 60 range.”

Not every source agrees with that line.

“the optimal reference range is is probably 45 to 75 up to 100 is fine as well”

“I think going above 60 nanograms per milliliter is probably still okay like going to 80 you know like there's there's studies looking at 80 and it's still associated with lower all cause mortality”

“I do think that it's critical that we have adequate vitamin D3 levels so take enough vitamin D3 to get you in that ideal range uh uh 60 to 80 nanograms per ml”

VLDL Cholesterol LAB · 2–30 mg/dLOPTIMAL · under 15 mg/dL
See sources

“...the other poor man's way to get a V LDL-C. And I like to see that number less than 15 milligrams per deciliter.”

Tap a test for its own page. Lab ranges vary between labs, so read the one printed on your own report. LAB is the range most reports print. OPTIMAL is the line in the quote. The omega-3 index has no normal range, so its row shows the zone its test report calls intermediate.

Where do the sources disagree?

On these tests, a second source draws a different line or doubts the test itself. The table above shows one line; here every view sits side by side, in its own words.

TestThe line in the tableAnother view on video
ApoB “…i would view an apob ceiling of 60 as the limit” 36:30 “…under 90 but ideally probably under 70 and if you have cardiovascular disease may be under 50” 1:21:04
Fasting glucose “…for fasting glucose, ideally, you're looking at 70 to 80…” 39:59 “your fasting blood sugar should be between 70 to 90” 2:38
“I generally like to see the fasting glucose below 90 milligrams per deciliter” 6:34
Fasting insulin “…the ideal insulin should be under five…” 8:52 “the fasting insulin below six” 6:38
Ferritin “…45 or above should be the normal range or the optimal range” 7:22
“…we want that ferritin in general to be you know around 50 to 70…” 1:36:56
“If you were part of my high performance athletic crew, we want to see minimum 50, preferably 100…” 1:09:01
HbA1c “…The health threats begin at an A1C of 5.3 and 5.4.” 49:54 “six is sort of the cut off, five and a half is really optimal.” 7:58
HDL cholesterol “Your HDL should be over 60 ideally, over 50 if you can manage it.” 11:21 “…the metric HDL cholesterol is useless.” 43:31
Magnesium “…Optimum level should be over two…” 11:58 “…plasma magnesium is not a good indicator of magnesium status for most healthy adults” 10:21
Vitamin D “…keep keep their vitamin D levels within that, you know, 40 to 60 range.” 15:08 “the optimal reference range is is probably 45 to 75 up to 100 is fine as well” 10:14
“…going above 60 nanograms per milliliter is probably still okay like going to 80…” 3:08:31
“…that ideal range uh uh 60 to 80 nanograms per ml” 25:12

Tap a time to watch that moment. The full quotes, and who said them, are under See sources in the table above.

Which blood tests have no optimal range on the record?

For the tests below, the range your lab prints is the only line we can show you. Each name opens that test’s own page.

Tests where a source doubts an optimal number, or the test itself

Nobody we cite puts a target on these. For each one, a quote says why.

Calcium, Cortisol, LDL cholesterol, Sodium, Total cholesterol

See sources

Cortisol

“There's no optimal exact level. There's no optimal level for one exact time.”

LDL cholesterol

“I don't pay attention to LDL cholesterol.”

Calcium and sodium

“If your sodium is, you know, is optimal, it's normal. It's like there's a very narrow range. Or calcium. These are things in your blood test that don't really have normal or optimal. They're just — there's just one reference range.”

Total cholesterol

“I have 0 utility for total cholesterol. I think the only time a clinician should ever even pay attention to that number is if you have a patient that you are concerned has FH.”

Given as a dose, never as a blood-level number

Nobody we cite has put a number on the blood level of these. On the shows, they come up as the dose you take.

Copper, Folate, Methylmalonic Acid, Selenium, Total Protein, Vitamin A (Retinol), Vitamin B6 (PLP), Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol), Zinc

Discussed, with no number for where it should sit

These come up on the shows, and nobody we cite has said what the result should be.

Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Apolipoprotein A-1, Basophils (%), Basophils (absolute), Bicarbonate, BUN, Chloride, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Cystatin C, DHEA-S, Direct Bilirubin, eGFR, Eosinophils (%), Eosinophils (absolute), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Estradiol, Free T4, Free testosterone, FSH, Globulin, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, Ionized calcium, LDH, LH, Lipase, Lymphocytes (%), Lymphocytes (absolute), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, Mean corpuscular volume, Monocytes (%), Monocytes (absolute), Neutrophils (%), Neutrophils (absolute), Non-HDL Cholesterol, Phosphorus, Platelets, Potassium, Progesterone, Prolactin, Red blood cells, Red cell distribution width, Serum iron, SHBG, Thyroglobulin antibodies, TIBC, Total Bilirubin, Total T3, Total T4, TPO antibodies, Transferrin, Transferrin saturation, Vitamin B12, White blood cells

Never discussed on the shows we follow

Nobody we cite has mentioned these, so there is no number to show.

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, Mean platelet volume, RBC Folate, UIBC

Our method

A search pulled every passage, in the transcripts of the shows we follow, where a test name sits near a number. Each one was then read in full and kept only if the speaker gave the number as their own line, for people in general.

Decode sets none of these lines. A test with no quote gets no optimal range. A row changes when a new quote states a number, or when a source on video disputes one. The transcripts were last searched between 14 July 2026 and 5 October 2026; this table was rebuilt from that search on 20 October 2026.

What does this table not tell you?

It is not a diagnosis. A line on video is one person’s view for people in general, and it is not a verdict on your own result.

It covers the tests on this site, not every test a lab can run. A test missing here has not been looked at, which is different from a test with no stated number.

It does not replace your report. If your result sits outside the range printed on your own report, take it to your doctor. If it sits inside that range but outside an optimal line here, you can bring the quote and ask.

Common questions

What is the difference between a normal and an optimal blood test range?

A normal range comes from the test results of large groups of healthy people, and your lab prints it next to your result. An optimal range on this page is a line a named person stated on video, and it is usually tighter. The full comparison is on the normal vs optimal page.

Who sets these optimal ranges?

The people in the quotes. Decode sets none of them. Under See sources, each quote links to the moment in the video where it was said.

Why do some tests have no optimal range?

Nobody we cite has put a number on them. Most come up with no number for where the result should sit. Some come up only as a supplement dose, a few never come up, and for a few a source doubts an optimal number or the test itself.

Do the sources ever disagree?

Yes. On vitamin D, ferritin, fasting insulin, ApoB, HbA1c, HDL cholesterol and magnesium, another source draws a different line or doubts the test. Every view is on this page, in its own words.

What if my result is outside the range on my report?

Take it to your doctor. A result your own lab flags is a result for your doctor, whatever any video says.

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